Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei: Beginning and Ending
Three times, visiting you came
Below two magpies1, we met
While chrysanthemums2 bloomed, I pledged
Your dragon I will be
You a lion3, I foresee
Many years later, at Baidicheng4
Exhausted, you broke willow twigs5
My apple trees6 now dead
At Huiling7, your eternal bed
I planted pines8, lay chrysanthemums9
1 Magpies mean happiness and two magpies symbolize marriage
2 Chrysanthemum is a symbol of forever
3 Lion is a symbol of royal power in Buddhism
4 Where Liu Bei died
5 Breaking willow twigs is a symbol of formal leave-taking
6 Apples are a symbol of peace because the word for apple, in Chinese, sound the same as the sound for peace
7 Where Liu Bei was entombed
8 Pine is a symbol of solitude and thought to provide protection when planted near graves because the mythical creature Wang Xiang (罔象), who devours brains (so basically zombies) are afraid of pines
9 In addition to the meanings I listed above, chrysanthemums are also thought to symbolize people maintaining their virtue despite temptation and adversity. They're also given at funerals.
