So, as Promised, this is an overview of the British Magical Government system, if any of you have any questions or parts they think are unclear, feel free to drop a review and i will endeavour to answer your questions.
Political Landscape
As this is a work of fanfiction, I have decided to take a few liberties (shall we call it artistic licence) with the political system of the Wizarding world, whilst Mrs. Rowling goes into very little detail about government, I have decided to add in a parliament of sorts in magical Britain, otherwise there would be virtually no 'civilian' oversight of the ministry and it would be a very peculiar government system indeed.
First off, the Wizengamot will act as both a court and a governing body, the fifty judicial members we see in Order of the Phoenix are chosen from amongst 211 members who make up the full wizengamot.
The Wizengamot contains several parties, these are unlike modern parties in Britain, and hark back to the loosely associated politicians of 1860's Britain, the members of each party have no obligation to follow their parties instructions and are far less well organised than we might expect in the muggle government, however they are allied under a banner of political idea's.
The majority of members of the wizengamot (150) are elected from the population in elections held every two years, a citizen does not get elected for a constituency, instead they simply campaign across the country and the most popular individuals are chosen. The remaining 61 seats are filled by members of Ancient and most noble houses such as the Blacks, Malfoys etc.
The main parties are as follows:
The British Peoples Party (75 seats): This is the largest party in the wizengamot, with Fudge at its helm, the BPP is very much a moderate party, their policies are relatively neutral, and they have remained in power for a long time due to the fact that they avoid controversial idea's and keep the status quo wherever possible, many members are chosen because of their loyalty to Fudge rather than their political savvy. They wear Grey Cloaks in the Wizengamot meets.
The Progressive Party (50 Seats): This party is smaller than fudges and led by Dumbledore. The members of the progressives are not especially united, and have many differing views, however they are all followers of Dumbledore's doctrine, and whilst they may not always approve of his actions, Dumbledore's personality is just about capable of keeping order. They wear Blue cloaks in wizengamot meets.
The Traditionalist party (50 seats): of equal size to the Progressives, the traditionalists are led by Lucius Malfoy and the majority of its members come from old pureblood families who wish to limit muggle influence on society, as well as ensure that the old families remain in a strong position of power, unlike the Progressives, the Traditionalists are a well organised and united party, with a strong sympathy for Voldemort's ideals, they are also the best funded party in government. They wear black cloaks in the Wizengamot meets.
In addition to the main parties, there are several small parties and individuals who vote solely to advance themselves.
The Head of government is the Minister for Magic, he has the power of Veto over any bill put before the Wizengamot, in addition he is responsible for leading debates in the Ministry and acting as Liaison to the Muggle world. The minister is elected from the wizengamot, and therefore is almost unilaterally the head of the most popular Wizarding Party. He can only be removed from office following a vote of no confidence.
The Chief Warlock is chosen from amongst the members of the Wizengamot. The Minister nominates a candidate, and this is then voted on by the government. The minister is also the only person capable of starting a vote to remove the Chief Warlock. The responsibility of this position is to act as an impartial voice in government, as well as retaining order in debates and ensuring that all Wizengamot activities are performed correctly. In the Judicial Wizengamot, the Chief Warlock acts as Judge and in the event of an individual performing crimes against the Wizarding state, also as lawyer for the prosecution.
The final position in government is the Master of Ceremonies. This is a position typically given to an older statesmen incapable of performing more rigorous roles within government, it is a position of honour, however has no real responsibility or power and is more of an honorary role than anything else.
The wizengamot meets twice a week throughout the year, with the judicial aspect meeting whenever required.