Here's the Japanese alphabet (I don't know what you call it) it's the romanized form of hiragana and katakana, which means the written form in English. I'm writing how you pronounce the letters.
The left side will be how it's written romanized and the letters to the right is how you pronounce it.
ah ee (like in "feed")u- oo (like in "food")
e- eh (like the "ai" in "air")
o- oh
ka- kah (like the "cu" in "cut")
ki- key
ku- ku (like "cou-" in "coupon")
ke- keh (like the "Ke-" in "Ken")
ko- co (like "co-" in "coho salmon")
sa- sah (like "su-" in "supper")
shi- shee (like "she" in "She's all That")
su- sue (C'mon! We all like sushi? Right? Anyone?)
se- s*eh (like the "Si-" in "Sigmund")
so- so (like "So, is that her?")
ta- tah (like "tou-" in "tough")
chi- chee (like "chea-" in "cheap")
tsu- tsu (like "tsunami")
te- t*eh (like "ti-" in "tip")
to- toe
na- nah
ni- nee (like "nea-" in "neat")
nu- new
ne- neh
no- noh
ha-hah
hi- he (like "hea-" in "heat")
fu- this is actually pronounced like "who" with a slight "f" sound
he- heh
ho- ho (not like "Hohoho, Merry Christmas" where it sort of sounds like there's a "w" at the end. Take off the "w" sound from the end)
ma- ma (like "Mama")
mi- mee
mu- moo (don't stretch it out)
me- meh
mo- moh (like "mo-" in "mope")
ya- yuh (like "yu-" in "yup")
yu- you
yo- yo
ra- la ("R's" are pronounced lightly and sound like "l's". It's hard for Japanese people to pronounce "r's" so the word "rap" may sound like "lap")
ri- lee
ru- lu (like "Lu-" in "Lucy")
re- le (like in "let")
ro- low
wa- wah (like in "wasp")
n- n (It's like the "n" in "can")
ga- gah
gi- gee (hard "g" not like "jee")
gu- goo
ge- geh
go- go
za- zah
ji- jee
zu- zoo
ze- zeh
zo- zoh
da- dah
de- deh
do- doh
ba- bah (Note: It's hard for Japanese people in general to pronounce "V's" so "b" sounds substitute that. Van can be pronounced as "Ban". The same goes for "th" sounds, they use "s" sounds for those. My mom told me of an incident where she asked for thousand island dressing at a restaurant and she pronounced it "sousand" and for some reason the waitress didn't understand. I mean really, are there any other dressing other than thousand island that sounds like "sousand island"?)
bi- bee
bu- boo
be- beh
bo- boe
Now hopefully you can pronounce things a little better unless you already can.
Ohayogozaimasu- "Good morning" (polite form)
Konnichiwa- "Hello" or "Good afternoon"
Konbanwa- "Good evening"
Oyasuminasai- "Good night" (polite form)
Ittekimasu- "I will go" (usually used when leaving home)
Itterashai- "Go on" (said sort of like an answer to "Ittekimasu" for those who are staying home, etc.)
Tadaima- "I'm home" (It might literally mean "Just now" as in "I came home just now". Used when back home)
Okaerinasai- "Welcome home" (Might literally mean "return home". This is in answer to "Tadaima" from someone that's already home.)
Now, we shall dabble in some *cough* impolite words.
Kisama- "You!" This is a very bad way to say "You!", but it did not always have that bad connotation. It used to be a regular word a long time ago, as my mother explained to me. An example of it being used politely would be that flashback/vision when Goau was talking to Balgus before they saw Varie at the lake.
Shimatta- "Damn it!" Not a very strong curse word in Japan, used like here, could be whispered when you forgot something at home, etc.
Chikkusho- "Blast!" "God damn!"
Okay, now just a few forms of I/me.
Watashi- used by girls and adults, probably a shortened form of "watakushi".
Boku- used by boys, tomboys, guys…
Ware- not really used these days, mostly in poetry or the "olden days" by guys. Folken used it when he talked to Zongi in a flashback.
Watakushi- used generally by higher class, but not necessarily.
Atashi- just another variation of watakushi and watashi.
Ore- generally used by guys.
Misc.
Bokutachi- "us/we" used generally by a guy.
Watashitachi- "us/we" anyone.
Wareware- "us/we"
Anata- "You" polite form, can also be from wife to her husband. Don't use "anata" that much when talking to your elder, use their name. Example: "Okasan wa nani o shiteimasu ka?" ("What will you do, Mother?" It is literally "Mother what will do?")
"Sayaka mo shimasu ka?" ("Sayaka will do it too?" You substitute "anata" with a name to make it more respectful.)
Anta- "You" impolite if said strongly, but you can use it on friends if said softer.
Omae- "You" very impolite
I think I'll take this off and just put it at the ends of the chapters of my story "For Want of a Nail" that way it is more suited as sort of an author's notes and I won't be violating ff.net's rules. So I'll take it off in maybe a week or so and put it in my fanfic, if I have time that is.