A/N: I'm just a bored POC writer who was thinking about how race could possibly effect the families and politics of Westeros and the rest of Planetos. NOTE: I am not trying to change canon. I am merely adding onto it. (i.e. Sansa Stark is still a mini Catelyn Stark because a good portion of the plot hinges on that aspect of her appearance. Jon Snow still looks incredibly like a stereotypical Stark because his Targaryen traits are hidden. Arya still looks like a mini Lyanna.)
I think of the North and the Land Beyond the Wall as close to what Siberia/Alaska are like. Many Free Folk and old First Men families in the North have similar origins with the original populations of the land, similar to the Yupik of Siberia and Alaska.
The North and the Lands Beyond the Wall were and still are the stronghold of those with the blood of the First Men. When Starks are referred to as having the "wolf's blood," it is Southerners way of scorning more emergence of their non-white ancestry.
Robb, Sansa, Bran and Rickon all have varying shades of their mother's red hair. Sansa is by far the most white passing of them all, and hence why she is embraced more culturally by her mother. She is like a miniature Cat Tully, although in the summers her skin grows tanner than her mother's ever has and she shows far less issue with the cold climate than the Tullys.
Rickon's eyes and skin are the darkest of the four, and his red hair is closer to clay earth than fire. There is no doubt of his Tully blood, but the "wolf's blood" is also evident— something that does him well when he ends up on Skagos.
Robb and Bran are similar. Red hair, lightly tanned skin, brown eyes. Robb's jawline and nose reminds more of their father, while Bran's is more angular like their mother's. Bran has a smattering of freckles across his nose and cheeks.
Arya shows the least amount of Tully features. She is "Lyanna come again," full of wolf's blood. Her hair is dark, her form far sturdier and shorter than that of her willowy and tall sister. Her scars from fighting and exploring shine silvery against her tan skin. Her nose and lips are that of her mother, but Arya will always deny it. While Sansa is taught by her mother and Southern Septa to be proud of her looks, as they will do her wonders in the South when she is married off, Arya is fiercely proud of her appearance for the ways it allows her to be free of the same expectations.
Jon Snow is similar to Arya. There is more wolf's blood that shows in his appearance than otherwise, something that aids to Ned Stark's claim in parentage. The blood of Valyria is weak and that of stories to much of the North, so people do not see the facial structure of his biological father, and his height is dismissed as the result of a Southern mother (as is the general assumption of where Jon comes from). His long dark hair hides the violet hue to his eyes in bright light, and there is not enough sun for highlights to appear in his hair.
People among the North are fairly diverse, for how isolated they are relative to the rest of Westeros. Closer to the Wall has more Yupik heritage and practices, especially among the Umbers and Mormonts. The Manderlys are from the Reach and are seamen, so while they are tan, they have a more bronze quality to their shade. The Manderlys also brought followers of the Seven-Who-Are-One with them, and so much of their port city contains those with fairer complexions: light skin, blonde and caramel hair, blue and green eyes. They also are the only Northern port to receive ships from Essos and beyond, so while rare, it isn't impossible to see dark skin, violet eyes, and kinky hair.
Similarly, Torrhen's Square brings trade from the Iron Islands and Westerlands. Hair shines like gold against paler skin as a result of their trade relationships. Hazel eyes of the Iron Islands mesh with black hair and tan skin of the North.
While there are pockets where Northern traits are stronger than most, it is generally acknowledged that as the closer one gets to the Neck, the less strong these traits are. And while there are many foreign traits that appear in the North, it is rare for Northern traits to be seen outside of its region (except for in the Mountain Clans of the First Men in the Vale).
