I also want to discuss what special powers I think each Talent gives each character, so here we go!
Rinku can talk to animals (especially monkeys) and/or always knows where True North is.
Maho can sense spoiled food, or cook it such that it's safe to eat again. The reason this fails her in Chap 3 is because the mushrooms she cooked weren't spoiled, they were spiked.
Muni is so good at identifying exact color codes and shades that she can see "more colors" than the average student.
Rei has perfect pitch and/or can "Charm" people with her music if it's a piano piece. (Ex: She can play a happy song and someone who was deeply upset seconds before will genuinely feel happy enough to laugh seconds later).
Shinobu can actually use any weapon IRL so long as she's used it in a game first.
Yuka can tell what type of photo she's looking at, and what edits were made, if any at all, in just one look. This makes her useful in trials since she can determine if something's photoshopped. Or she has photographic memory.
Esora also has a form of "Charm" in that she can naturally get people to do what she wants. She can mobilize a crowd in minutes, which means she can build armies as well as she can build structures.
Ibuki has super-speed and/or the ability to feel and identify others' emotions (empath), inspired by her role as Ult. Team Captain.
Saki is naturally gifted with building machines because of her love of rockets/space. And her Synesthesia can be seen as byproduct of her Talent since space involves working with/seeing a lot of radiation (color) in things that might technically not have color (ex: thermal imaging of a planet). By that extent, Saki could have the ability to see on all frequencies of the EM spectrum, not just visible light.
Noa can she convincingly pull off any act she needs to, and she can always tell how others are acting, and even why, with just a glance. She can also literally throw her voice wherever she wants and rumor has it that she can get puppets to move without their strings. Or she can move them without having to actually touch their strings.
Towa knows enough about idols that she can automatically identify any of them on sight, as well as some of the people they're most likely to be seen with, and she has mild "Charm" powers of her own.
Rika can serve so well that, if she wants, she can literally make fire shoot out from between her hands and the ball.
Saori's calligraphy is so good that she can forge anything (although she sucks at identifying forgeries) or the poetry she writes can actually compel people to do things (Ryota's Hope anime or Junko's brainwash videos).
Marika can shapeshift like Tsumugi, but only into real people, and people whose appearances are similar to hers.
Dalia can either fight with any dance style, has any power related to martial arts (kamehameha!), or can identify poison in drinks if she has a barista Talent.
Tsubaki's voice can hypnotize.
Aoi's jam makes people fall more in love with her.
Hiiro can actually see the future.
Nagisa can turn electric guitars into sonic weapons or literal axes.
Miyu is just always lucky in a good way, though I've also imagined giving her power to connect to the divine (like she can actually speak to deities).
Haruna innately knows laws or good amendments to them, or her leadership can compel people to follow her.
Kurumi can control how successful her pranks are based on how much she allows them to surprise her as well (similar to Nagito manipulating his luck). For example, Kurumi can make a prank to steal something, but based on how much she leaves to chance, that increases the odds of her scheme succeeding in increasingly comical and impressive ways. Or she can tell when people are lying (Kokichi stuff).
Miiko can learn any language, including animal and computer.