Chapter 1 -The Rules of Life
In Walkerville Elementary School, Ms. Frizzle's class didn't have actual plants or animals in their classroom other than the class pet Liz, who was busily engaged in resting under her sun lamp on the roof of her habitat. This week, the class is answering the school's topic question "What is the Meaning of Life? So far, the whole class was puzzled and asked among themselves, but Ms. Frizzle wasn't in yet. She was busy doing a routine check on the Magic School Bus. If everything was in working order, the class would be enjoying another field trip. Of course, Arnold was hoping that for once, they would be getting a normal field trip to the museum, but knowing Ms. Frizzle and the class's favorite magic bus, that was highly unlikely.
"So D.A. about this school's topic question?" Asked Carlos. "What is the Meaning of Life?"
"The Meaning of Life could be why we're here?" Replied Dorothy Ann.
"I say Life is about all the Plants and Animals that live on our earth today," added Phoebe watching an American Robin feeding her chicks a caterpillar up in an oak tree.
"Maybe it's about what Life is about? Added Wanda.
"Yeah, what is the purpose of the existence of Life?" Said Tim.
"Life could be the lives we're living in right now. I mean life is short for us and we have to live to our fullest!" Answered Ralphie.
"No, Life is about interacting with the environment and with each other." Added Keesha.
"In Miss Frizzle's Class, Life here is never-ending." Commented Arnold.
"Arnold!" The Class sighed.
Then the door blew open and in came Ms. Frizzle, wearing a green-blue dress with prehistoric animals ranging from Giant Insects, and Ice Age Beasts, to Dinosaurs, ammonite earrings, and Pterosaur shoes.
"Good morning, class!" she said with her ever-chipper smile.
"Good morning, Ms. Frizzle!" the kids all cheered.
"It seems everyone is asking the same question "What is the Meaning of Life?" Asked Miss Frizzle.
"That's what we all want to know!" Said Wanda.
"It could be anything?" Added Carlos.
"Well, one question can lead to many answers, Life is the real meaning of "Taking Chances, Make Mistakes, and Get Messy!" Replied Miss Frizzle. "And I have the perfect solution, the bus is all revved up. In fact, I think it's the perfect time for our next field trip! To the bus!"
And with that, she led her students from the classroom to the Magic School Bus, which had just parked at the school entrance. The kids sat down together in their seats, all excited about what a wonderful field trip Ms. Frizzle had in store for them today.
Ms. Frizzle turned the key into the ignition and drove the bus a short distance from the school. Then she said to Liz, "Go on, Liz. Let's take flight."
The green chameleon used her tail to select a button on the bus dashboard, and then Ms. Frizzle pulled the transformation lever, saying, "Hold on tight, class. Here we go!"
"Again?" moaned Arnold.
The Magic School Bus began to stretch one way and bounce another, and then it spun around like a merry-go-round that was out of control. A split second later, the bus had turned into a Magic School Jet Plane and was rocketing out of Walkerville at high speed.
. . . . .
There are many ways to describe life on this planet. Some creatures could be called, "magnificent", or "monstrous", perhaps "misunderstood". But only a few creatures who roam this Earth...
...could be called all three.
In the plains of the continent of North America, a predatory mammal stalks through the brush as it growls softly. As it was a big cat armed with saber-like fangs eight inches long.
And it was a legendary killer. Soon the voice of Morgan Freeman was heard narrating.
Two million years ago, and our planet is a very different place.
The cat growls as it continues stalking, and it growls more as it reaches near the shores of a waterhole as it stands on a large, flat rock. And it was a fearsome predator, with the size of an African Lion, but more heavier. It was tannish brown with a white underbelly, covered with black spots and stripes and brown centered spots like a Jaguar, a short light brown mane, and a black tuft tail.
A saber-toothed cat, the Smilodon.
The Smilodon ominously looks out across the lake scanning for any prey as it growls.
A fearsome predator of its age.
The Smilodon looks back as a second saber-tooth joins its side.
Standing in the way, a giant terror bird, two meters tall.
Nearby, on the shore of the lake, another of North America's top predators was patrolling the area for prey.
The terror bird, Titanis. It was grayish brown with a white underbelly, a feather crest, black stripes running down from the eye region, a black beak, a yellow base, and gray legs with the inner feet having sickle claws.
The Titanis barks, and then roars out.
The pair of Smilodons watch the bird as one growls softly.
Both sides are armed...
The Smilodon have saber fangs and claws on their side.
While Titanis, has a powerful beak and strong legs with claws that can give a kick.
and prepared for a fight.
The terror bird takes a step as its left foot stomps down, and it roars out and trills.
A dramatic wildlife scene that has played over North America for a million years, and a rivalry that will continue on for two million more. And the Smilodons begin to approach the bird.
This is the story of the great battles for survival and the dynasties that would take over the world.
The Titanis begin to near the edge of the lake as the Smilodons stalk closer and roar out, seemingly not to have noticed the cats.
And the two Smilodons watched the terror bird waiting for the right moment, as a fierce competition was about to begin.
This is the story of Life.
The atmosphere intensifies as the cats begin to stalk closer.
. . . . .
A NETFLIX DOCUMENTARY SERIES
A plant chute sprouts out from the ground in a rousing matter, and soon it grows into a tree.
On the shore of a marsh, a fish-like creature called Strepsodus crawls out of the water and onto dry land as another follows. And the ground turns green and a large amphibian called Anthracosaurus chomps down on the creature.
A Scutosaurus stood still as it made a low growling, and a Gorgonopsid called Inostrancevia sniffed the ground following a trail, and a Lystrosaurus stood by a tree as a forest grew more green. The tree trunk turned green as well as vines grew.
Then a Tyrannosaurus Rex, the greatest predator ever known snarls out as a forest grew, and an Anchiornis stood on a rock trilling.
A massive explosion spreads out on the surface of the Earth, and a pair of Triceratops are trapped in a forest fire as one screeches. The flames grew at an immense rousing rate on the tree.
A terror bird, Phorusrhacos scans the area for prey like how modern Birds of Prey would, like falcons and eagles.
Plants soon regrew around the tree, and the branches spread out. Then the forest turns white with a layer of snow, a growling Smilodon stalks, and the wild howls out as a herd of Woolly Mammoths treks across the frozen land. A rumbling avalanche races down a mountainside.
The snow melts away, and the natural rousing scene intensifies as the pan grows and a massive fig tree stands.
THE MAGIC SCHOOL BUS:
EXPLORES THE
LIFE ON
OUR PLANET
. . . . .
The tranquil sun shines over the vast ocean.
PRESENT DAY
If you know where to look, you can still find clues to the origins of life on our planet.
"This is our first stop class hang on tight!" Said Miss Frizzle.
The Jet-plane Bus arrives and then transforms into a Submarine and dives down underwater. The Class comes upon a feeding frenzy occurring as a shiver of Silky sharks corrals a school of fish. The kids were amazed as they watched them in their Bus-Sub.
"Right here, is a bait ball which gathers many marine predators." Explained Miss Frizzle.
"Those must be Silky Sharks corralling the fish into a bait ball to feed on," said Dorothy Ann.
"These sharks are truly amazing," said Ralphie.
"At least, They have their fins on!" Joked Carlos. "Get it, Fins on?!"
"CARLOS!" groaned the class.
"As long as I'm not outside with them, I'm okay," said Arnold calmly.
"Best not to forget you, me, Keesha, and Tim were turned into sharks while we were searching for the buried Treasure." Said Dorothy Ann.
"While me, Miss Frizzle, Phoebe, Carlos, and Ralphies were Remoras due partnership getting rid of the parasites off of you, How can we forget that?!" said Wanda
"They are amazing creatures, sharks are some of the oldest animals around," said Miss Frizzle. "They've been patrolling the oceans for some 400 million years."
"Wow, that's actually longer than dinosaurs first appear," said Keesha.
"And sharks are some of the oldest predators," said Tim.
This is not just a gathering of marine predators.
"Hey, look, dolphins!" Phoene called out.
A pair of Common Dolphins then joins the feeding frenzy.
It is a coming together of ancient bloodlines.
The frenzy continues as fish bolts in different directions as a Silky Shark swims by.
Sharks, living fossils, virtually unchanged for hundreds of millions of years.
The Common Dolphins join in as they are not in any danger from the sharks.
"Whoa! The Sharks and Dolphins are working together!" Exclaimed Wanda
Dolphins, air-breathing mammals whose ancestors once roamed on land.
Clicking fills the water as a Common Dolphin twirls around and darts into the fish shoal.
Then a bellow was heard as a Silky Shark swam aside as one of the many ocean giants appeared; a Humpback Whale as it joins the feeding frenzy.
"Whoa!" Exclaimed the class
Whales, bigger than any other animals that have ever lived.
The Humpback bellows out as the Class is amazed by the wildlife spectacle.
"Guys! Over there a Whale!" Exclaimed Ralphie
"And Gannets!" Added Dorothy Ann
And at the surface, a number of seabirds called Northern Gannets dive in to claim their share. The Class knew they once came from a great family of creatures that ruled the world for 165 million years. From a time long before the first humans, even before the first dolphins or whales, or any large mammal.
Birds, the last survivors of the dinosaurs... the world's greatest dynasty.
The Kids and Teacher were mesmerized by the dramatic natural event as the fish darted in every direction just to avoid the many mouths above and below.
All predators, all hunting the same prey, but all with totally different origins.
The many ocean predators continued feeding, and the class will learn that this is just a taste of all Earth's species.
"It's amazing to see these animals it's like we've seen all of them!" said Phoebe.
"Not exactly, Phoebe, The Animals represent only 1% alive today!"
"Then what's the 99%?" asked Arnold.
"Those animals are long gone and Extinct." Replied Miss Frizzle.
"Then what happened to them?" said Tim.
"That's where our Journey begins." Said Miss Frizzle. "I added some modification upgrades to the bus. Instead of turning back the clock, the bus can now project Wormhole portals that allow us to go back in time and space travel more easily."
"Back in Time?" Exclaimed the Class.
"We're going back to the Dinosaurs right?" asked Ralphie.
"Yes, Ralphie, but we are also going back much further to the very beginning." Said Miss Frizzle. "Liz hit the Wormhole Projector lever!"
Liz pulls the lever and the Bus projects out from its eyes a wormhole portal which amazes the class. Miss Frizzle then turns the bus into half a bus and half a submarine hybrid vehicle and they enter the portal going back 4 Billion Years Ago.
In the forests of South America, a hummingbird flies by.
There are more than ten million species of plants and animals alive today.
Elsewhere in the world, a vast colony of flying foxes flew about in a rousing scene. And in the shallows of the Caribbean Sea, a trio of stingrays swam over a field of seagrass.
In the air, a dragonfly hovers.
And yet, they are just 1% of all species that have ever existed.
A flower blooms out, and a lioness wanders on the African plain as a bird is heard chirping. On the banks of a river, a Nile Crocodile lunges out of the water towards a drinking herd of Wildebeest and snaps its powerful jaws missing one.
In the distant past, an Inostrancevia patrols its hunting ground as a herd of Scutosaurus travels.
By traveling back in time, Miss Frizzle and her class riding on the Magic School Bus will meet many of the 99% that have gone extinct...
The Scutosaurus continues traveling as the Inostrancevia stalks the herd growling watching and waiting for the right moment. At the height of the Ice Age, a herd of Woolly Mammoths trekked across the snowcapped landscape and then confronted by a pack of Cave Lions as they roared.
In the Jurassic, a Pterodactylus, soars in the sky.
...to reveal the most extraordinary story of all,
In the oceans, a Pliosaurus snatches a Plesiochelys sea turtle in its massive jaws.
the story of life on our wild planet.
On land, a pack of Deinonychus trots, and two male Megacerops fight as their grunting fills the air as they clash for the right to mate.
In the Cretaceous, a Triceratops growls out as a herd stands its ground towards a mother T. Rex and her two juveniles.
. . . . .
CHAPTER 1
THE RULES OF LIFE
On a dark night, waves churned, rolled, and crashed on a beach.
4 BILLION YEARS AGO
Thunder rumbles as streaks of lightning bolts lit up the sky.
Life and all its incredible variety had to start somewhere.
The thunder continues as lightning bolts flash out and the waves below continue rolling and crashing on the shoreline.
The first spark appeared four billion years ago. Perhaps uniquely, our planet had just the right conditions. Liquid water, energy from the Sun, and the perfect chemistry for life to take hold.
The waves continue rolling and churning. In a dreamy environment, the Half Bus and Half Sub are now shrunk to the cellular level as they travel through the micro world with the Classkeeping an eye out.
The exact process is lost in the mists of time.
"Where are we?" Asked Wanda.
"We are in Planet Earth 4 Billion Years Ago give or take," replied Miss Frizzle.
"4 Billion Years, that's a way long time!" exclaimed Carlos
"Are you sure we're in the right place and time?" asked Phoene.
"Yes we are Phoebe we just gotta keep looking," said Miss Frizzle. "It's around this time that the first form of life on Earth appeared."
But what it produced was a tiny single living cell.
"So we're looking for a cell?" asked Wanda, then she gasped. "Guys, Look over There!"
Wanda called out pointing ahead and the Class then saw a single living cell.
LUCA, the Last Universal Common Ancestor... from which all life, everything, is descended.
"Class let me introduce to you, LUCA," said Miss Frizzle.
"Luca?" said Ralphie puzzled. "It's name is Luca?"
"No, Ralphie, According to my research this is the cell called LUCA," said. "Which is the acronym for Last Universal Common Ancestor, AKA: LUCA."
The Class watched from the bus-sub watched as LUCA sat motionless but could tell it was very much alive as the cell gave a vibrant color of blue mixed with green, black, and orange. Tim was sketching LUCA.
"Amazing how this is the very first lifeform," said Tim astonished.
"All life can from this very cell?" asked Arnold.
"It's so amazing and beautiful isn't it?" Added Phoebe.
"Hi LUCA!" said Wanda.
"Yeah, and to think what it will lead ahead in the future," said Keesha. "Everything we see in our home time traces back to this little cell."
"Well, like my Great Uncle Raymond once said," (In a gruff voice) "Sometimes the smallest thing can make the biggest change of all," said Miss Frizzle.
On the surface, the sun shines over the young ocean with clouds in the air.
From these humble beginnings, life took billions more years to develop real complexity.
450 MILLION YEARS AGO
A wave churns on the ocean.
A feat it first achieved in the oceans.
On a section of coral, polyps squelching as they cast a bright color of blue with a dash of green. And other corals flashed around.
The earliest animals to attain supremacy were simple life forms.
Water babbled as the many corals grew, and a polyp sent its tentacles.
These invertebrates, animals without backbones, ruled the seas for many millions of years.
Throughout the shallow seas, many jellyfish swam blindly through the waters. The Bus-Sub were now in the oceans with the class in their wetsuits from "Gets Eaten" as they swam by them careful to avoid their tentacles armed with stingers of painful venom.
"These jellyfish are beautiful," said Wanda.
"Well, just be careful not to get stung!" added Arnold
"In Fact, these are some of the oldest animals on Earth," said Miss Frizzle. "First appearing 100 million years earlier."
"So that means they've been around for some 500 million years," said Tim. "That's a long time."
"And in this point of history: the Ordovician, many creatures are invertebrates," said Dorothy Ann. "Animals with no backbones, and most have tough exoskeletons."
"Indeed Dorthy Ann and the animals of this time like in our time are facing an endless battle through life," said Miss Frizzle.
Throughout history, life has been waging an unending war. One dynasty rising, only to be vanquished by the next.
In the far future, some 150 million years, a vast forest stood with a layer of mist rising from the tree canopy.
Plants were among the first to conquer the land... creating conditions that, in time, allowed the invertebrates to follow and take over.
Amongst the trees, a large Millipede crawls along the forest floor. Millipedes are usually small, but this one was as big as a person.
The giant Millipede, Arthropleura, crawls along the forest floor chirping as its many legs carry its body as a scorpion crawls off.
The Arthropleura continues crawling off through the ancient forest.
But the invertebrates could not rule forever.
An ominous void fills the ancient swamps and marshland.
A new dynasty would surpass them. One that also came from the water.
On a bank of the marsh, an Anthracosaurus snatches a Strepsodus growling and it tosses its catch further back in its jaws as two other Strepsodus crawls off as fast as their short limbs could carry them.
The amphibians...
The Anthracosaurus grunts as he tosses its catch further in its mouth.
Another Anthracosaur crawls along the sandbank.
...whose novel body plan of four limbs and a backbone would prove an enduring blueprint for success.
The Anthracosaurus crawls along the bank and towards a group of other Anthracosaurs basking.
Their reach was limited by their ties to water.
Time goes on again, and an eye opens.
But they spawned another dynasty with no such binds.
The creature looks about as if it was armed with jaws of sharp teeth.
The reptiles.
The reptile made a low growl as it crawled through a dry rocky desert region. It was Erythrosuchus.
Able to exploit even the driest regions, their sprawling gait carried them around the world.
The Erythrosuchus soon lies down on the warm sand.
For the first time in history, there was a global power. From these early reptiles came the most iconic dynasty of them all.
Further into the future, in a majestic period of history known as the Jurassic, a giant reptile; a dinosaur called Diplodocus feeds on a wetland with others of its kind.
The dinosaurs.
The Diplodocus bellows out as the herd feeds on the trees and pterosaurs fly by.
In the forests, soft grunting was heard as a predatory dinosaur called Sinraptor watched out for prey.
They were to rule for over 150 million years.
The Sinraptor watched small white winged with black spots, feathered lightish gray and reddish brown crest dinosaurs called Anchiornis as it was busy croaking as it was catching insects unaware of the giant predator close by.
In a field of ferns, a trio of Diplodocus juveniles hangs around as one bleat as a massive adult amble by.
A group of astonishing variety, whose absolute dominion was only cut short by calamitous bad luck.
In the southern regions of North America, a herd of Alamosaurus migrates to a new feeding ground.
Other dinosaurs bellow and squawk as Triceratops and Ornithomimus forage.
Through the wind howling out, a trio of Cave Lions heads to a cave.
Out of their shadows rose the last great bloodline.
One lion soon enters the cave.
The mammals.
The lion walks by growling lowly.
Elsewhere, the sun shines over one particular group of two-legged mammals.
One of whom would go on to change our planet like nothing before.
. . . . .
The sun shines over a vast forest with birds chirping filling the forest's chorus.
The rise and fall of these dynasties, over four billion years, has not just been a matter of chance. The whole journey, from the beginning of life to the infinite variety we know today, has been driven by certain fundamental principles.
The rules of life.
"Now Class, for life to survive you must learn the Rules of Lufe," explained Miss Frizzle.
"So, how is life possible other than sunlight, water, and air?" asked Phoebe.
"Yeah, what are the rules of Life?" added Ralphie.
"One rule is for animals to be able to adapt to their environment," explained Miss Frizzle.
The first rule is the best adapted will always win through.
They were now shrunk to butterfly size and were dressed in explorers' outfits from "The Butterfly and the Bog Beast." As they wander through the forest, a leaf is spotted with strange orange small objects.
"What are those?" wondered Tim.
"They're eggs," said Phoebe. "Butterfly eggs."
She remembered this when she read a book on butterflies and moths and that field trip they had which led to Walkerville's Elementary School's Soccer Team name and Mascot to be "The Walkerville Elementary Bog Beast Butterflies."
"Exactly, Phoebe, The butterflies can show us another rule in life," said Miss Frizzle.
Every one of these butterfly eggs looks identical. But each has a different combination of genes that makes them, individually, completely unique.
"Even though these eggs are alike, each one will actually have its own unique DNA," explained Miss Frizzle.
"Just like how every other living thing, including us, is different in our own way," said Carlos.
"Interesting," said Wanda.
"Since it's a tough world out there, it depends on who has the stronger and best genes for life," said Keesha.
Birds tweeting in the treetops fills the air as the eggs sit on their leaf. Then a tranquil moment began as they watched one egg stirring.
Some will have genetic qualities that help them survive.
They soon watched as tiny caterpillars began to crawl out of their eggs and around the leaf.
Qualities that will pass from generation to generation...
"Look at them hatch!" exclaimed Dorothy Ann.
"The Miracle of birth is how life is born and each one of these caterpillars makes it to adulthood and passes down the skills to the next clutch of eggs," said Miss Frizzle.
until eventually, one will be so different to its predecessors that it becomes an entirely new species, better adapted to its environment.
"And those with the better skills eventually lead to a new species of animal," said Miss Frizzle.
"Really?" said Carlos.
"How can one Butterfly become a different new species of Butterfly?" asked Phoebe.
"According to my research, it all depends on the best skills and genes, and helps a new species improve in its environment," said Dorothy Ann reading from her book.
"It's how animals evolve over time," said Miss Frizzle. "Nature's own science experiment."
They watched as the caterpillars feed on the leaf.
This is evolution.
The caterpillars rustled on the leaf as they fed, and birds were heard chirping overhead. The caterpillar feeding intensifies as the leaf slowly begins to vanish by the many mouths of the caterpillars.
But the caterpillars aren't the only ones evolving.
In a different part of the forest, a leaf grows high and uncurls as it rustles and creaks. And a vine grows out towards a tree.
Everything in this forest is fighting for survival...
The plant swooshes around as it soon reaches a branch.
...including the plants.
The plant soon curls securely on the branch as the caterpillars.
"Even though the caterpillars have quite a large number, nature does have ways to keep their numbers from growing too much," said Miss Frizzle.
Unchecked, the caterpillars would strip them bare.
The caterpillars continue munching away on the left dramatically. But plant evolution has tricks of its own as one leaf has the ability to deter leaf-eaters.
But this plant has evolved its own adaptations for survival.
"How can they do that?" asked Arnold.
"Here use the Mega Meganifer Class," said Miss Frizzle giving her class the Mega Meganifer = as Keeshea scans a leaf which shows a close-up image of cells moving around.
"Look at these cells moving!" said Keesha.
"Lots of animals eat plants, but they have tricks on their sleeves to deter most away," said Dorothy Ann. "It's poison."
Poison in its leaves, is capable of killing anything that eats them.
"Poison?" asked Arnold
"Yes, Poison, And many plants have poison," said Dorothy Ann.
It's chemical warfare.
Then an ominous shadow appeared on a leaf as it crawled on it.
"Yet, despite the poison, animals like butterflies evolve ways to deal with plant poison," said Phoebe.
Then a new species of caterpillar evolves... that can eat the otherwise poisonous leaves, along with any eggs that might be on them.
The Class watched as the caterpillars fed on the leaves.
Close by, a butterfly flies around.
In response, other butterflies adapt to only lay on plants that are free of eggs...
The butterfly began to lay her egg as a bird was heard tweeting. Miss Frizzles' class watched serenely knowing that she would soon pass down new and improved genes to her offspring.
...ensuring their young have the best possible start.
Once done, the butterfly then flies off.
"As it looks like the animals have improved, plants eventually catch up," said Tim.
"Yeah, it's like plants and animals are neck-and-neck with each other," said Carlos.
But the plants retaliate...
The Wild Kratts then observed a plant with two yellow dots.
...forming growths on their leaves that mimic butterfly eggs...
"Are those butterfly eggs?" said Wanda puzzled.
"No, their growths on the leaves that mimic them," explained Miss Frizzle.
"But how did they do it?" asked Wanda.
"Nobody isn't sure of it," said Dorothy Ann. "It's like plants are trying to keep pace with the animals."
Close by, a butterfly flies around.
detering any females from laying there.
"Whoa! Is it just me or are those leaves actually fooling the butterfly?" observed Ralphie.
"And there's more to it than that," said Tim. "They have their own nectar."
"Like Ants!" added Keesha.
What's more, the fake eggs produce a sweet nectar that attracts ants...
They then watched as two ants crawled along the leaves.
that feed on caterpillars.
The Class watched sinisterly as the ant drank away on the growth's nectar.
The first rule of life, that the best adapted will win through... has produced the huge diversity that exists today.
Birds tweeting fill the chorus of the forest.
"That's only just the first rule of Life, back to the bus," exclaimed Miss Frizzle as the class boarded the bus which projects a wormhole in which the bus drives into.
. . . . .
Elsewhere in the world, a waterhole rests still.
The next rule of life is that competition drives adaptation.
2 MILLION YEARS AGO, NORTH AMERICA
And the most acute competition comes from one's own kind.
The bus arrives in Florida, North America during the Early Pleistocene Epoch in an open plain with rocky hills with the class departing now wearing their explorer outfits from "The Busasaurus."
"Here we are 2 million years ago during the Early Pleistocene Epoch in what is now Florida." Exclaimed Miss Frizzle. "This is where we will witness the second rule of Life."
"So what kind of Prehistoric Animals live during this?" asked Carlos.
"As long it's not Dinosaurs, I'm okay with or a," said Arnold who gasped when he saw the ominous head of a terror bird, Titanis wandering about.
"A tall sharp beak scary Terror Bird!" shouted Arnold
A male terror bird. His territory is the lakeshore.
The Titanis approaches the lakeshore as the class watches from close by and the Terror Bird growls and roars out.
"What a magnificent creature," said Miss Frizzle. "A Terror bird, this one is called Titanis walleri."
"He must be taller than us," exclaimed Wanda.
"Titanis is one of the biggest terror birds," said Dorothy Ann. "He must be eight feet tall."
"Look at the beak," said Ralphie noticing the hook on its upper beak.
"That's a serious weapon," said Carlos. "A quick jab to the neck from that can actually kill a horse."
Then a distant call was heard getting the Titanis' attention.
But he's not alone.
The Titanis then roared out as the Teacher and kids then spotted another Titanis appearing. Unlike the older male, It was grayish brown with a white underbelly, a pale white neck, head, and a feather crest, black stripes running down from the eye region, a black beak, a yellow base, and gray legs with the inner feet having sickle claws.
A younger male wants this prime spot.
"Now class we're to witness the second rule of life: competition," said Miss Frizzle.
A distant call was heard as the younger male Titanus grunted and then roared out. The older resident male roars as well.
The older one can't ignore the threat.
The older Titanis then charges as the class watches as things are about to get tense.
They watched as the Titanis charged with a speed of over 30 miles per hour toward the younger individual as he roared. The old male confronts him as the class manages to move a little closer hiding behind a boulder.
The youngster refuses to back down.
The Kids and Teacher watched as the two male terror birds confronted each other.
He needs a territory of his own.
"Looks like the younger one is looking for a territory," said Ralphie. "This means stealing that older male's spot."
"Yeah, but the older one isn't giving it up without a fight," said Carlos. "We're about to witness a Terror Bird Bash!"
The two male Titanis both roared at each other, but then they did some kind of display.
The two begin a ritual display.
"What are they doing?" asked Keesha.
"It's a display Keesha," said Miss Frizzle. "They must be to show each other's strength and see how fit they are."
Both males made a kind of swaying motion with their heads grunting, and then moving their heads sideways as if testing each other's strength.
"So this could be a way for them to show their strength without causing a serious fight," said Arnold. "The claws on their feet look like they can give quite a kick."
Assessing the other's strength...
They then snarled at each other as one stood next to the other.
...while showing off their own.
They then watched as the killer birds walked in perfect sync.
Their coordinated moves as formal as a dance.
The terror birds continue their display as one growls as if it was a test of nerve to the other as it didn't break formation. They then turned to each other snarling, and the Class could tell things were beginning to heat up.
"Now we're getting somewhere!" said Carlos.
"At my Old School, we would never be allowed to witness fights even if they're Terror Birds, I can't watch?!" said Phoebe as she covered her eyes.
Who will be the first to back down?
They then continued as they walked in perfect sync.
Or attack?
The Class watched tensely as the Titanis males continued on as they both looked perfectly fit.
"I think a fight is about to break," said Ralphie.
With nothing to separate them, a fight is inevitable.
Soon, both males confront each other as one roars and they both roar at each other trying to see who will back down as things grow more tense.
But both the terror birds and the Class fail to notice they weren't alone here at this waterhole.
But they have company.
One male Titanis then noticed trouble as the Class soon saw what he was looking at. He quickly retreats as the other male is completely oblivious as the creature charges and then the other male Titanis turns his head as a Smilodon pounces on the bird and knocks him off his feet growling as he grunts. The Class watched as a second Smilodon rushed in and the first saber-tooth made the killer blow to the bird's throat.
"Whoa, Did you see that? That was a Sabertooth?!" exclaimed Ralphie.
"A Smilodon gracilis," said Dorothy Ann. "The ultimate predator of this time, and the terror bird's biggest rival," Chris said.
The Smilodon's mammalian cunning was one reason terror birds went extinct.
The second Smilodon rushed in as the first one soon finished the bird as he limps, and the Smilodon growled as they turned to the lucky Titanis just 20 yards away.
"Is this how mammals outcompeted birds?" asked Keesha.
"Predatory mammals took over and replaced most terror birds," said Miss Frizzle. " South America was cut off, they lasted longer and it wasn't until recently that the rivalry caught up to here when the land bridge between North and South America opened up."
"So that means it allowed new animals to travel north including the Terror Birds and south," said Ralphie. "Including cats and even Smilodon."
Competition, both within and between species, has always driven evolution.
Soon the Titanis begin to head off while the Smilodons begin to feast and the class begins to sneak away.
"Let's get out of here before the Smilodons see us as food," exclaimed Arnold as they sneaked away back to the bus.
. . . . .
The sun shines over a volcanic landscape in another part of the world.
But it's not just those doing battle that are always changing. So too is the battlefield itself, which leads to the third rule of life.
The Jet- Bus flies over the land.
"Okay, so what's the third rule of life?" asked Wanda.
"Surprisingly, it's the land itself," said Miss Frizzle. "The landscape is always changing."
Earth never remains stable for long. Sometimes that helps life. Sometimes it hinders it.
Things turn dramatic as the Jet-Bus flies over a lava field with cracks in the ground with a fiery glow the class wearing sunglasses watching this spectacle.
Throughout history, volcanoes have been one of the greatest agents of change.
In a volcanic crater, a pool of lava rumbles as it sloshes within the volcano with an explosive crash. Then lava flew out of the crater as it landed in many cinders, and the the class in the Jet-Bus high above watched in astonishment and horror as it spewed high into the air.
Eruptions lasting thousands of years have repeatedly engulfed vast swathes of our planet.
"This reminds us of the Volcano that formed Liz' Island." Exclaimed Carlos, "and to think that Earth was once like that in its younger years."
"Well, The rest of the class and I were inside the Volcano while you and Arnold were on the raft." added Dorothy Ann.
"Well, me and Arnold witnessed erupting and I found your bookbag when you were down their searching for them!"
The class ignored Carlos and Dorothy Ann's continuing argument while down below, steam vents release a layer of gas carried by the wind.
Pumping gases into the atmosphere, changing the climate, and, at worst...
Lava continues rumbling from the volcanoes as it flies out.
...causing global mass extinction.
They then watched as vast rivers of lava flow down from the craters.
The world has rarely been stable. At times, a realm of fire.
From space, in the distant past, most of Earth was white in the grip of an Ice Age.
At times, a realm of ice.
On its surface, the wind howls blowing over a field of snow.
Our changing planet has created so many challenges for life.
In a different part of the world, a body of water cast a yellowish-green color.
From toxic seas...
The ground crackles and rumbles as it breaks apart and soft mud turns to hard crust.
...to global wastelands...
From space, much of the Earth was barren.
and periods of almost endless rain.
The rains whooshed as storm clouds rumbled and lightning flashed. And thunder crashed as lightning bolts lit up the sky and droplets of rain fell down.
At four different times, the planet has pushed life to the very edge of existence.
A waterfall pours down large amounts of water over a cliff.
Each time, more than three-quarters of all species were lost in mass extinctions.
A massive storm cloud swirls in the air with thunder crashing and the wind howling out. From space, many storms covered the Earth.
Ours can be a brutal wild planet.
. . . . .
Many hillsides stood in an arid landscape where Montana will stand.
76 MILLION YEARS AGO
But there was one period when Earth was stable for 100 million years.
The tranquil air rests over the landscape.
A period which allowed one group to become the mightiest of dynasties.
By a hillside, the Bus arrived in Montana in the Two Medicine Formation during the Late Cretaceous period.
"Now we're back in dinosaur times!" exclaimed Carlos.
"Carlos look down there!" said Wanda.
The class watched from the Bus-van watching a herd of migrating animals, as they were among the greatest creatures of all time.
This was the age of dinosaurs.
Grunting filled the air as the class watched a large herd of Hadrosaurs or duckbill dinosaurs. They had bodies would have been covered in scaly skin, with a row of crocodile-like scutes running down its back. They were gray with black stripes grading to a pale color, single-toe hooves on their forelimbs, black line stripes over their eyes, and small spiky crests on their heads with light gray beaks and yellow nasal nostrils.
The long calm helped dinosaurs to proliferate in huge numbers.
The Class watched as the Hadrosaurs migrated as some came real close to them.
These are Maiasaura, gentle plant eaters that form herds many thousands strong.
"I remember those dinosaurs," said Wanda. "That's where we fell into their nest.'
"So that's what me and Phoebe missed out when we were chasing the Ornithomimus who stole the egg from Dr. Skeledon," replied Arnold.
"Well, what kind of Dinosaurs are they Miss Frizzle," asked Phoebe.
"These are Maiasaura " said Miss Frizzle. "Measuring 30 feet long and weighing three to four tons."
The Maiasaura heard grunts and snorts as they continued their migration route. Made of adults and youngsters of different ages and sizes the class followed and joined the herd.
"There sure are a lot of Maiasaura here," said Keesha.
"Yeah, maybe hundreds strong in this herd," said Carlos.
This mass gathering provides safety, and not just for the adults.
As they marched on, Wanda noticed one female strangely breaking away from the herd.
"Hey, what's that one doing?" wondered Wanda.
"I'm not sure," said Tim puzzled.
This rather cautious female is keen to get back to her nest.
They watched as the female snorts and growled softly as she wanders from the main herd. The class watched her and kept an eye out for trouble if any predators were close by.
But there is a reason for her actions.
Maiasaura means "good mother."
The Maiasaura looks out as several other Maiasaura females are by their nests.
"Whoa, this must be a nesting ground for them," said Tim. "Just like the one we saw last time!"
"Amazing," said Phoebe.
"In fact, Maiasaura means, "Good Mother," said Miss Frizzle.
Like the other females, she has made her nest in an enormous colony.
The Maiasaura begins to head into the nesting area with Miss Frizzles' Class behind her.
To reach it, she must run the gauntlet of defensive mothers keen to protect their young.
They head into the colony as one mother by her nest growls out at them. The female snorts as she continues on with the Wild Kratts right behind her, and the mother lets out a hissing growl. As they wander through the maze of nests, another Maiasaura growls at them as they quickly move away.
In avoiding one aggressor, she strays too close to the next.
As the Maiasaura continues on, another mother Maiasaur snarls at her as she grunts backing off. The mother snarls as the female hurries off as she grunts, and the mother grunts and roars out at her.
"Yikes, so much for Maiasaura being gentle," said Phoebe.
"Yeah, who knew," said Arnold.
Soon the Maiasaura mothers started to snarl at the class as they screamed and yelped as they were chased off only to bump into another one.
"This has never happened before!" yelled Ralphie.
"What are we gonna do? What are we gonna do? What are we gonna do?" cried Wanda.
"Follow me Class!" said Miss Frizzle.
Eventually, the Class followed their friend to her own nest with hatchlings.
At last, she reaches her own nest.
Five juveniles bleat out to their mother as she tenderly greets them she grunts softly and her babies continue bleating. They were more striped and spotted with small heads and big eyes.
"Wow, five juveniles," said Dorothy Ann. "They must be at least six months old."
"Aww, how cute," said Phoebe as she petted one of their heads.
Then the mother Maiasaur gaped her mouth open as one of the babies stuck its head inside like birds do to feed their chicks.
She feeds her young in a very bird-like way.
"Whoa, she actually feeds her young like some birds do," said Arnold.
Then she regurgitates the mush on Carlos, Tim, and Liz.
"Gross!" exclaimed Tim.
"Aw, Not Again!" Yelled Carlos frustratedly.
Then the babies lick the mush off of them as the class laughs at this scene.
Then suddenly Mother Maiasaura roars and growls as another Maiasaura shows up and it grunts, as it rushes by. The Maiasaura mother roars out again and turns back to her offspring.
"Whoa, now that is a good mother," said Phoebe.
She'll protect them in the nest for many months, until they are big enough to join the rest of the herd.
All around them, many other Maiasaura rest by their nests as many juveniles bleat out.
Yet the planet didn't just support large numbers of dinosaurs, it's stability also supported dinosaurs of ever shape and size.
. . . . .
Bellowing fills the air as a large gray Titanosaur sauropod ambles by a meadow of trees as other dinosaurs grazed. The class watched as a herd of Triceratops prorsus grazed on the ground plants, and Alamosaurus wandered by as pterosaurs, Quetzalcoatlus flying overhead squawked.
"Well, we're back 67 Million Years in the Late Cretaceous, between the Javelina and Hell Creek Formations," explained Miss Frizzle.
"With some familiar faces like Alamosaurus and Triceratops," said Dorothy Ann.
"Hello again little guy," said Keesha feeding a fern to a baby Triceratops nearby an adult female Triceratops lightly trills as it feeds.
She had grayish brown scaly skin with bumpy osteoderms grading to a pale sand underbelly and light gray horns
Triceratops is very different to the defenseless Maiasaura.
The class watched as a female Triceratops feeds on her own.
Weighing five tons and boasting three horns, she is heavily armored... adapted to a world where the best form of defense is attack.
"Triceratops are truly an incredible dinosaur," said Ralphie. "With those impressive three-foot brow horns and that frill."
"Yeah, Triceratops is sure a tough powerhouse," said Carlos.
"CARLOS!" groaned the class.
They watched as she fed on the ground plants like ferns and cycads.
With the breeding season imminent, she needs to be in peak condition. And that means finding the best food wherever she can.
As the female continued feeding, the Class noticed she was getting further from the safety of the herd.
But her search has taken her far from the herd... and closer to the edge of the forest.
"She sure is getting quite far from the herd," said Wanda.
"Yeah, and spells trouble for any herbivore on its own," said Dorothy Ann.
The Triceratops continue feeding as she lifts her head up snorting scanning the nearby trees.
"She looks nervous being that close to the trees," said Keesha.
She's right to be nervous. Triceratops aren't the only giants in these woods.
As the air turns ominous, the Triceratops begin to feed again.
However, she herself was being preyed upon.
"I got a bad feeling, I'm getting Deja vu here like this looks familiar," said Arnold,
"Why is that?" asked Phoebe
Hiding in the trees and shadows, a quiet growl was sounded as a large head cranes forward into the light seeking through the branches. As it was the only creature that could threaten her, and it was the greatest predator ever known to leave its footprint on history.
Tyrannosaurus Rex.
The T. rex softly grunts as she watches the Triceratops feeding and unintentionally coming towards her. She is mostly scaly lightish brown grading to a pale underbelly, black stripes over her body, head, and tail, small keratinized hornlets, lips covering the teeth, and a red breeding color on its head, neck, and shoulders
The ultimate predator.
And the Tyrannosaurus wasn't alone as with her was two juveniles either five or six years old. The juveniles were lightish green and gray with black stripes.
She has her two youngsters with her.
The two youngsters watched as their mother had her attention focused on her target as the Triceratops ventured closer. She growls quietly as she breathes, waiting for the right moment.
The Triceratops stepped closer as the two juveniles watched, and then one hissed at its sibling as the other snarled as their mother turned to them.
The female Triceratops froze looking to have heard something in the trees.
"You guys hear that?" asked Tim. "It sounds familiar."
"What was that?" wondered Wanda. "You don't mean?"
"Oh No!" exclaimed Arnold and Phoebe.
"It can't be!" yelped Arnold.
"Oh No, Oh No, Oh Bad, Oh bad, bad, bad, bad, bad, bad, bad," exclaimed Keesha.
Liz nudges on Miss Frizzle who sees the stalking Dinosaur as they both see it while the teacher smiles.
"Yeah, it's happening again!" added Ralphie.
"It is going to happen again!" exclaimed Carlos.
"Yeah, It almost sounded like..." said Dorothy Ann.
They dramatically, the trees shook as the Triceratops quickly turned as the mother T. Rex charged out roaring and snapped her jaws just missing her.
"T. Rex!" yelled the class.
"Run!" yelled Wanda. The kids screamed as they ran with the Triceratops.
The Triceratops flees for her life as the T. Rex gives chase the two juveniles run past their mother as they are rushed to the Triceratops and the class.
The siblings are faster than their mother.
The Tyrannosaurus siblings caught up to the horned behemoth as one squeals as the Triceratops bellows. One nears her as it bites on the side of her frill as she twirls around confronting the two youngsters.
They work as a team.
The Triceratops bellows as the two T. Rex youngsters hissed as the Class managed to catch up to them.
"Look at the T. rex youngsters they are tough!" said Ralphie.
"And using teamwork to hunt the Triceratops." said Wanda.
They watched as the youngsters tried to keep the Triceratops in place as one bit her tail and their mother caught up.
The Triceratops can hold off the youngsters, but not the adult.
The mother Tyrannosaurus hisses as she catches up to make the final blow, but the Triceratops roars quickly turning and rams one youngster off its feet as as the mother Rex snaps at the herbivore.
The Triceratops ran for her life as the fallen youngster got up and the Tyrannosaurus pack chased her after as the juveniles squealed and roared. And the giant mother snapping at the Triceratops' tail.
"Whoa, this chase is tense!" said Tim.
"I knew I should've Stayed Home Today!" exclaimed Arnold.
The chase continues as one of the youngsters bites on the Triceratops' right thigh as they catch up to the rest of the herd.
"Quick the herd we'll be safe in there!" exclaimed Phoebe.
Only the protection of the herd can save her.
The Triceratops grunted as the female made it just in time as the Tyrannosaurus pack found themselves being confronted by an angry herd of horns.
"Quick Class grab a Tricera-Shield!" said Miss Frizzle.
The Class joined the herd each holding a Tricera-shield among the wall of horns.
They form a defensive wall.
The Triceratops grunts as the mother T. Rex roars out at them, but even she knows not to dare attack such an armored herd.
Even the world's greatest predator knows when she's beaten.
Outnumbered, the Tyrannosaurus mother begins to lead her offspring away, the class cheers, but one sibling isn't done with the herd just yet. As the young Tyrannosaur snarls as the roaring Triceratops herd.
"This young is a bold one," said Miss Frizzle.
The young male continues screeching at the herd.
Unlike the young male.
Then one Triceratops charges as it roars, and the male juvenile squeals and soon has enough and turns and retreats rushing back to his mother. The Triceratops continues roaring.
"That... was sure Dino-mite," said Carlos.
"CARLOS!" Groaned the Class.
. . . . .
From space, the sun shines over one side of the Late Cretaceous Earth.
66.04 MILLION YEARS AGO
Dinosaurs might still rule today if conditions on Earth had remained the same.
But everything was about to change, and in just one day.
Closing in on Earth, a small object compared to the planet was racing towards it. Yet the object was six miles across; an asteroid as big as Mt. Everest streaks into the atmosphere many times faster than a fired bullet and burns up and then flashes with an explosive crash as it strikes the Gulf of Mexico with the force of 100 million Atomic Bombs.
The light from the impact fades as the plumes out and rumbles.
An asteroid the size of Mount Everest, traveling 20 times faster than a bullet, smashed into the planet.
The fiery glow dramatically plumes out over the planet as the blast front spreads out.
It blew a hole 20 kilometers deep and 180 wide...
The explosion plume spreads out as if this was just the start.
setting off an earth-shattering chain of events. Rising from the massive crater came the real killer.
A wall of ash and debris hundreds of kilometers thick... that enveloped the globe.
The blast front spreads across the lands at supersonic speeds where no animal can outrun it as it rumbles.
The cloud blocked out the sunlight, leading to the death of almost all dinosaurs...
The Jet-Bus managed to fly just high enough to avoid the blast front as the Wild Kratts watched it spread.
"Whoa, that is one destructive wave," said Wanda.
"That's just the start, Wanda," said Miss Frizzle sadly. "Many other events will follow when the dust cloud blocks out the sun and dinosaurs won't be affected, marine reptiles, pterosaurs, and other animals will suffer as well.".
From space, the dust cloud continues spreading across Earth.
...and three-quarters of life on Earth.
The annihilation was global.
Soon the dust cloud engulfed almost the whole planet.
It was the world's fifth mass extinction.
. . . . .
Time goes by as the sun has returned after many years of semi-darkness as it rises over the land.
But there were survivors. Survivors that would form the basis of all species that exist today.
A peaceful moment occurs as the sun continues rising and on the African Kalahari, an Ostrich chick wanders around.
The birds were the only remaining dinosaurs.
The Class watched several Ostrich chicks wander around exploring their environment.
Today, they number more than 10,000 species...
The Ostrich chicks chirped as they explored their world.
"These Ostrich chicks sure are cute," said Wanda.
"Yeah, and real surprising that they're as big as grown chickens," said Arnold.
...occupying every habitat on Earth.
One chick curiously went up to the kids and soon headed off.
But the birds didn't have the planet to themselves.
The chicks were soon joined by their father as the class watched them head off.
Another great dynasty also rose from the ashes.
Elsewhere on the African landscape, a three-toed foot landed as another swings by as a Black Rhino wanders in search of food and water.
The mammals.
The Class watches from a respectful distance as the rhino wanders by.
Under the dinosaurs, they had been a mere footnote in history.
"Amazing how far mammals have come since dinosaurs died out," said Miss Frizzle.
"That opened the door for many mammals," said Tim. "Leading to all the mammal species we know today including us as we're mammals."
Nearby, the foot of the biggest land mammal alive steps forward as its long nose sways as the mammal grunts and snuffles. The class watched as a large herd of African Elephants wandered the dry land in search of food and water.
"It's amazing we're living with the largest land mammal," said Keesha.
"African Elephants are pretty big," said Ralphie. "But there were bigger land mammals back then."
"Columbian Mammoths are one example," said Dorothy Ann. "And Paraceratherium, a giant rhino relative that looks like a giraffe. It's the biggest land mammal ever. Twice the weight of an African Elephant."
Without the asteroid strike, none of these survivors would have had a chance to rule.
Elsewhere, a herd of Wildebeest was also migrating.
From the cataclysm of the mass extinction came this new multitude of life in all its wondrous variety...
Oryx wanders the desert region also in search of food and water as a herd was with it.
Two giraffes are also in search of water.
...all perfectly adapted to the challenges of life.
Birds were heard trilling and chirping as the Ostrich father was also looking for water and food for him and his chicks as they followed him and their mother.
The struggle to protect and raise one's young, to find food, and to breed.
The Wild Kratts watched as African mammals of every kind, shape, and size wander all around.
The cast of characters may have changed, but the essentials remain the same.
A herd of Springbok drinks water of an oasis, and an elephant joins in as it sucks four liters of water and pours it into it's mouth.
Water and the energy from the Sun continue to support life, just as they have for billions of years.
A herd of zebras also take their share of water as they drink, and two birds lift their heads up as chirping was heard while the Class watched the natural gathering.
Even today, the rules of life still apply.
Nearby, a lioness wanders by.
Only the best adapted will win through.
Things start to tense as the Springboks were aware of her presence, and birds squawked as they flew off a Black Rhino noticed as well despite having poor eyesight.
And three other lionesses were with her.
Competition drives evolution. And a rapidly changing planet causes chaos.
The other animals start to get nervous about the approaching hunters as a giraffe grunts lifting its head up, and the Oryx and zebras rush off squealing. As they and the giraffes retreat.
And the lioness stood watching the distance like a queen looking out her domain.
These rules of life determine how dynasties will rise and how they will fall.
Elsewhere, bird chicks chirped as a tern flew up to them and fed them food.
Every single thing alive today can trace its heritage back four billion years ago.
A Red-eyed Tree Frog crawls on a branch in the humid rainforest. And on the islands of Komodo, a Komodo Dragon patrols the shoreline for a meal.
This in the face of incredible odds.
A herd of American Bison travels through a snowcapped prairie as a male grunts. And in the heights of the remote Himalayas, a Snow Leopard mother and her litter of three cubs rests by a ledge sheltered from the wind.
And resting on a tree, a Great Grey Owl ruffles its feathers shaking some snow off.
99% of all species that have ever existed are now extinct.
In Madagascar, a Sifaka lemur feeds on flowers, and elsewhere, a flock of flamingos display out chirping.
In the oceans, a Humpback Whale launches upward from the water and crashes back down. And a shark swims through a shoal of fish.
Life today is the 1% that made it through.
Gannets dives in towards the shoal, and in Antarctica, a flock of Gentoo Penguins dives down. And a colony of flying foxes flies through a forest squealing.
And a layer of clouds rests over a forest.
This series will explore the most important milestones in the history of life. And Miss Frizzle and her class on the Magic School Bus will be exploring them all.
A Megacerops wanders through a forest and lightly grunts.
From when mammals established themselves as a global power...
The Megacerops lets out a heavy grunting.
Deeper in the past, an Anchiornis glides from the cliffs.
...to the ancestors of the birds first taking to the air...
The Anchiornis glide through the air as this feathery evolution will one day lead to the flying birds.
...to the evolution of hard-shelled eggs that led to the rise of the mighty dinosaurs.
A clutch of eggs rests in a nest, and a lizard crawls off and later rushes off as a large dinosaur stands close by. A Plateosaurus forages in the forest growling as it rears up to reach some branches.
And even the moment when animals first came out of the water.
A Strepsodus crawls out of the water and onto the shore of a bank and rests.
Waves of water churns and crash as they whoosh over the dark depths.
In the next chapter, we go back to life's origins in the sea...
In the shallow seas of the Ordovician, a Cameroceras swims about.
and the very first fights for survival...
A trilobite crawls to a section of coral as a Cameroceras pursuits after it and reaches its tentacles out.
on our extraordinary planet.
The Cameroceras move over and its tentacles soon reaches the trilobite and brought it back to its beak to feed.